AIMS & SCOPE

RESEARCH & PUBLICATION ETHICS

• Research Ethics

  The policies on research and publication ethics of the journal fol low the guidelines set by the Korean Association of Medical Jour nal Editors, the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE, http:// publicationethics.org/), the Ministry of Education, and the Na tional Research Foundation of Korea with respect to the settle ment of any misconduct.

  All manuscripts should be prepared in strict accordance with the research and publication ethics guidelines recommended by the Council of Science Editors (CSE, http://www.councilscience editors.org/), the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE, http://www.icmje.org/), and the Korean Associa tion of Medical Journal Editors (KAMJE, http://www.kamje. or.kr/).

  The author(s) must be able to state that research involving hu mans or animals has been approved by the responsible IRB and conducted in accordance with accepted national and internation al standards. JKAN will follow the guidelines set by the Commit tee on Publication Ethics (COPE, http://publicationethics.org/) to resolve any misconduct. All studies involving human subjects or data must be reviewed and approved by a responsible research ethics committee or institutional review board (IRB). Please refer to the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki (https://www. wma.net/policies-post/wma-declaration-ofhelsinki-ethical-prin ciples-for-medical-research-involving-humansubjects/) for all in vestigations involving human subjects and materials. For human studies, including case reports, the author(s) must state whether informed consent was obtained from the study participants. The editor of the journal may request the submission of copies of in formed consent received from human subjects in clinical studies, or IRB approval documents. Animal experiments should also be reviewed by an appropriate committee (e.g., the Institutional Ani mal Care and Use Committee) for the care and use of animals. If the study is exempted from such approval, the basis of such an exemption and the regulatory framework should be described.

  Submission Declaration: When submitting a manuscript, authors should include a letter informing the editor of any potential over lap with other previously published materials or materials being evaluated for publication and should also state how the manuscript submitted to JKAN differs substantially from previously published paper(s). If all or part of your patient population has been previ ously reported, this should be mentioned in the Methods section, along with citations to the appropriate reference(s).

  Permissions: The authors obtain permission from copyright own ers to use measurement tools for their studies. Permission to re produce previously published material must also be obtained in writing from the copyright holder (usually the publisher) and ac knowledged in the manuscript.

• Conflict of Interest

  The corresponding author of an article is asked to inform the Edi tor of the authors’ potential conflicts of interest that may have in fluenced the research or interpretation of data. Potential conflicts of interest should be disclosed on the title page and at the end of the main text, even if the authors are confident that their respec tive judgments have not been influenced when preparing the manuscript. Such conflicts may include financial support or pri vate connections with pharmaceutical companies, political pres sure from special interest groups, or academic problems. To ad dress potential conflicts of interest, the disclosure form should be the same as the ICMJE Uniform Disclosure Form (http://www.ic mje.org/coi_disclosure.pdf).

  The Editor decides whether the in formation provided regarding conflicts of interest should be in cluded in the published paper. All sources of funding for a study should be explicitly stated. JKAN asks the referees to inform the editor of any conflicts of interest before reviewing a particular manuscript. Editors who make final decisions regarding manu scripts should recuse themselves from making editorial decisions if they have relationships or activities that pose potential conflicts with the articles under consideration. Additionally, other editorial members who participate in editorial decisions must provide editors with a current description of their relationships and activities (as they might relate to editorial judgments) and recuse them selves from any decisions in which an interest that poses a poten tial conflict exists. The editorial staff must not use the information obtained by working on manuscripts for private gain.

• Authorship

  JKAN follows the recommendations for authorship set out by the ICMJE (https://www.icmje.org/icmje-recommendations.pdf). Authorship credit should be based on the following:

  ①substantial contributions to the conception or design of the work, or to the acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data for the work;

  ②drafting the work or reviewing it critically for important intellectual content;

  ③final approval of the version to be published; and

  ④agreement to be accountable for all aspects of the work to ensure that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved.

  Any designated author should meet all four criteria for authorship, and anyone who meets all four criteria should be identified as an author. The authors have confidence in the integrity of the contributions of their coauthors.

  All other contributors not listed as authors should be mentioned in the Acknowledgements section. When a master’s thesis or doctoral dissertation is submitted for publication, the first author should be awarded the degree and declare that the content is from the thesis or dissertation. If there are two or more authors, the corresponding author should be designated. The corresponding author has the primary responsibility for addressing all issues with the editor and readership. Any comment by the corresponding author is regarded as the opinion of all co-authors. The corresponding author should confirm that all appropriate persons are listed as authors of the manuscript, and all coauthors should approve the final version to be published. When a large, multicenter group conducts a study, the group should identify individuals who accept direct responsibility for the manuscript. When submitting a manuscript authored by a group, the corresponding author should indicate the preferred citation and identify all individual authors, as well as the group name. The journals generally list other members of the group that are not included as authors in the acknowledgments section. The acquisition of funding, data collection, or general supervision of the research group alone does not constitute authorship. These criteria are intended to maintain the status of authorship for those who deserve credit and take responsibility for the work. The authors are expected to carefully consider the list and order of authors before submitting their manuscript and to provide a definitive list of authors at the time of the original submission. At the time of submission, all authors, including the order and lists of their names, must be confirmed. When submitting an article, all authors are requested to list the ORCID, which can be obtained from https://orcid.org.

  Any addition, deletion, or rearrangement of author names in the authorship list should be made prior to the acceptance of the manuscript and only if approved by the editor. To request such a change, the editor must receive the following from the corresponding author: (a) the reason(s) for the change in the author list and (b) written confirmation (e-mail, letter) from all authors that they agree with any addition, removal, or rearrangement. In the case of the addition or removal of authors, there is a requirement for confirmation from the author being added or removed. Only in exceptional circumstances will the editor consider adding, deleting, or rearranging authors after the manuscript has been accepted. If the editor considers this request, publication of the manuscript will be suspended. If the manuscript has been published online, any request approved by the editor will result in a corrigendum.

• Artificial Intelligence (AI)-assisted technologies

  At submission, authors are required to disclose whether they uti lized artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted technologies, such as Large Language Models (LLMs), chatbots, or image creators, in the preparation of their manuscript. Authors must detail how these AI-support technologies were used in both the cover letter and the appropriate section of the submitted manuscript. For in stance, if AI was used for writing assistance, this should be de scribed in the acknowledgments section. If AI was used for data collection, analysis, or figure generation, authors should describe this use in the methods section.

  Chatbots (such as ChatGPT) should not be listed as authors because they cannot be responsible for the accuracy, integrity, and originality of the work—responsi bilities required for authorship. Therefore, authors are responsible for any submitted materials that involve the use of AIassisted technologies. Authors should thoroughly review and edit any AI-generated output, as it may appear authoritative but could be incorrect, incomplete, or biased. Additionally, authors must en sure appropriate attribution of all quoted material, including full citations, and must not list AI or AI-assisted technologies as an author or co-author, nor cite AI as an author.

• Redundant Publication and Plagiarism

  Redundant publication (duplication) is defined as “reporting (publishing or attempting to publish) substantially the same work more than once, without attribution of the original source(s).” Characteristics of reports that are substantially similar include the following: (a) “At least one of the authors must be common to all reports (if there are no common authors, it is more likely plagia rism than redundant publication);” (b) “The subjects or study populations are the same or overlapped;” (c) “The methodology is typically identical or nearly so;” (d) “The results and their inter pretation generally vary little, if at all.”

  The authors should not submit the same research to more than one journal and should not publish the manuscript in different languages. If the authors wish to pursue secondary publication of the manuscript in another language, they should obtain approval from the editors-inchief of both related journals. The editorial board determines the nature and degree of duplicate publications or submissions of the manuscript. Plagiarism refers to the appropriation of another person’s ideas, research processes, results, or texts. This included using previous ly published material or any other author without citing a refer ence. The authors are required to submit original manuscripts and confirm that they have cited or quoted others’ ideas and texts appropriately and accurately.

• Process for Managing Publication Malpractice

  When reviewers or readers suspect publication malpractice, such as fabrication, falsification, salami slicing, plagiarism, or simulta neous/ duplicate publication, inappropriate changes in author ship, an undisclosed conflict of interest, ethical problems with a submitted manuscript, a reviewer who has appropriated an au thor’s idea or data, complaints against editors, and so on, the pro cess of resolution will be initiated following the flowchart provid ed by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE, http://publi cationethics.org/resources/flowcharts). The ethics committee will discuss and adjudicate cases of suspected publication malpractice, as well as complaints and appeals to editors.

MANUSCRIPT SUBMISSION

• Online Submission

  Manuscripts should be submitted electronically via the submission system of this journal (https://submit.jkan.or.kr/submission/ Login.html). The first and corresponding authors should be members of the KSNS, with the exception of non-Korean au thors. All correspondence, including notifications of the editor’s deci sions and requests for revisions, will be processed using this sys tem. For any questions regarding the use of the online submission system, please contact the publication director of the KSNS via phone, e-mail (tel: +82-2-567-2590; e-mail: kaneditor@kan.or.kr).

• Types of Publication and Word Limits

  JKAN publishes original research, reviews, and discussion papers. The length of the manuscript varied according to the manuscript type. The word limit excludes the title page, abstract, references, tables, figures, and any supplemental digital content). All pages should be numbered consecutively. Please see the word limits be low for each manuscript type.

• Research Papers: up to 6,000 words JKAN publishes original research that matches the aims and scope of the journal. These include full papers that report original research. These are reports of the empirical findings from the highest-quality basic and clinical research studies within the scope of JKAN’s focus. Findings from studies utilizing diverse ap proaches are relevant, including qualitative methods; measure ments, including the development and evaluation of instrumen tation; observational, quasi-experimental, and experimental stud ies; e-science, information-based studies; and mixed-method de signs. Research papers should adhere to recognized standards. Analyses according to sex are recommended. Instrument devel opment or validation papers are only considered if accompanied by a copy of the full instrument included as a supplementary file at the submission stage, so they can be published online as an ap pendix if accepted.
• Reviews and Discussion Papers: up to 6,000 words These include critical presentations on topics of interest and rele vance to nursing theory, practice, and education. The body of a review article should be a comprehensive, scholarly, evi dence-based review of the literature, accompanied by a critical analysis leading to reasonable conclusions. We publish systematic (addressing focused research questions) and broader literature re views (scoping reviews). We also publish discussion papers, which are scholarly articles of a debating or discursive nature. In all cases, there must be engagement with and a critical analysis of a substantive body of research or other scholarship. Systematic reviews should adhere to recognized standards of reporting.
• Editorials: up to 1,000 words. No Abstracts required. These include comments by organizations or individuals on top ics of current interest and invitations. Authors with ideas for edi torials that address issues of substantive concern in the discipline, particularly those of a controversial nature or directly linked to current/forthcoming content in the journal, should contact the manager.
• Letters to the Editor: up to 1,000 words. No Abstracts required. These included responses to previous articles and editorials. De signed to stimulate academic debate and discussion, the editor in vites readers to submit letters that refer to and comment on recent journal content, introduce new comments and discussions of clear and direct relevance to the journal’s aims and scope, or briefly report data or research findings that may not warrant a full paper.

MANUSCRIPT PREPARATION AND FORMAT

• General Guidelines

  Manuscripts should be written in either Korean or English. Man uscripts must be prepared according to the National Library of Medicine’s (NLM) Style Guide for Authors, Editors, and Publish ers (http://www.nlm.nih.gov/citingmedicine). If there are any dis crepancies between the JKAN Guidelines and the NLM Manual, the former should take precedence. The authors will be required to complete the Manuscript Checklist during the submission process to ensure that the basic requirements of the manuscript submission are met, including details of the roles of funding sources and conflicts of interest. The Manuscript Checklist is designed to be a self-assessment checklist to assist the authors in preparing their manuscripts. A completed form must be submitted to show that you have includ ed all the necessary parts of your submission.

• Research Reporting Guidelines

  Reporting guidelines endorsed by the journal are listed below: http://www.equator-network.org

  - Observational cohort, case-control and cross-sectional studies: Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) / Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE)

  - Qualitative studies: Consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ) / Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research (SRQR)

  - Quasi-experimental/ non-randomized trials: Transparent Reporting of Evaluations with Non-randomized Designs (TREND)

  - Randomized (and quasi randomized) controlled trials: Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT)

  - Study of Diagnostic accuracy/assessment scale: Standards for the Reporting of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (STARD)

  - Systematic Review and meta-analysis: Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) / Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE)

  - Quality improvement studies: Standards for Quality Improvement Reporting Excellence(SQUIRE)

• Manuscript Components

  The composition of the manuscript should be as follows: Title Page, Abstract and Keywords, Main Text, References, Tables and Figures, and Appendices. Each section begins on a new page. To ensure a blind review, the main body of the paper (including references, tables, and figures) should not include any identifying information, such as the authors’ names or affiliations.

  Title Page The following should be included on the title page: (1) title of the article; (2) running head; (3) author names and affiliations (de partment, location, and ORCID); (4) corresponding author’s name and complete address, including e-mail, phone number, ORCID, and fax number; and (5) any acknowledgments, credits, or disclaimers, including funding sources and conflicts of interest (to register on ORCID, visit https://orcid.org) and data-sharing statements.

  Abstract and Keywords The following should be included on the title page: (1) title of the article; (2) running head; (3) author names and affiliations (de partment, location, and ORCID); (4) corresponding author’s name and complete address, including e-mail, phone number, ORCID, and fax number; and (5) any acknowledgments, credits, or disclaimers, including funding sources and conflicts of interest (to register on ORCID, visit https://orcid.org) and data-sharing statements.

  Main Text For most papers, the following basic structure is used: Introduc tion, Methods, Results, Discussion, and Conclusion. Articles may require subheadings within certain sections to clarify their con tent.

  - Introduction: A brief background, references to the most perti nent papers that are sufficiently general to inform readers, and relevant findings from others should be included. It is recom mended that the introduction include a “general and specific background,” “debating issues,” and the “specific purpose of this study.”

  - Methods: Describes the study design, setting, and samples, mea surements/ instruments, data collection/procedure, ethical con siderations, and data analysis used. However, this instrument can be omitted if it is qualitative. When designing biomedical re search, gender variables must be considered. If not applicable, please state the reason. In the section on ethical considerations, the author states that the study protocol was approved by the in stitutional review board (IRB No. ##-##-###). Please provide the initials of institutional names at the time of submission for peer review.

  - Results: Describes the main results logically using text, tables, and figures in a concise paragraph. This is the most descriptive sec tion.

  - Discussion: Discussion should be based only on the reported re sults. The data should be interpreted concisely without repeating the materials presented in the results. Discussions on advances in nursing practice, nursing knowledge development, and their im plications for nursing are strongly recommended.

  - Conclusion: State the conclusions and recommendations for fur ther study. Do not summarize the study results.

  References In-text Citation Citation of references within the text should follow Citing Medi cine: The NLM Style Guide for Authors, Editors, and Publishers 2nd edition (http://www.nlm.nih.gov/citingmedicine). References should be numbered serially in the order of appearance in the text, with numbers in brackets [ ]. When multiple references are cited together, use commas to indicate a series of non-inclusive numbers (e.g., [1], [2,3], [4-6], or [7-9,13]). If a reference is cited more than once, use the original reference number. If there are one or two authors, include the last name of each. If there are three or more authors, include only the last name of the first au thor followed by “et al.” (e.g., Beck [3], Jo and Kim [7], Cox et al. [11]).

  Reference lists References should be listed on a separate sheet at the end of the paper in the order of citation. The authors are responsible for the accuracy and completeness of the references and the correct text citations. The number of references should be 50 or fewer for a regular article, except for a manuscript on meta-analyses, system atic reviews, or structural equation models that have no limit on references.

  Tables and Figures Tables and figures should be self-contained and complement the information contained in the text without duplication. Tables and figures should be numbered consecutively using Arabic numerals. Each table and figure has been placed on a separate page. There should be no more than five tables and figures in total. More ta bles or figures are provided in the supplementary material. The ti tle of the table should be placed above it, and should begin with a capital letter for the first word only, and all other words should be in lowercase (Table 1. Overall responses to question types). The title of the figure should be placed below it, with the first letter of the figure title capitalized (for example, Figure 1. Scatter plot of study variables between cancer survivors and their spouses). When two or more figures exist for the same number, an alpha betically sequential letter should be placed after the Arabic num ber (Figure 1A, B). Abbreviations can be used in table and figures but must be de fined in a footnote, even if they have already been defined in the text. Abbreviations should be listed in alphabetical order; do not include the word “and” before the last abbreviation (e.g., HR, heart rate; T, temperature). Descriptive footnotes are indicated with superscript lowercase letters in alphabetical order (a–z) listed at the bottom of the table or figure (e.g., a)By Fisher’s exact test). When reporting decimal numbers, the significance level should be rounded off to three decimal places; means, standard devia tions, and a test statistic to two decimal places (e.g., p = .002, 23.98±3.47); percentages and mean age to one decimal place (e.g., 45.7%, 37.2 years old). Only if the number (such as t or F statis tics) is more than 1, 0 should be placed in front of the decimal point. However, if the statistic cannot exceed 1, such as r or R2, 0 should be omitted before the decimal point (e.g., t = 0.26, F = 0.92, r = .14, R2 = .61). When reporting p-values, which refer to significance probability, footnotes should not be used, but actual p-values should be provided. If the p-values are .000 and 1.000, they should be indicated as p < .001 and p> .999, respectively. If p-values have to be reported using footnotes, * and ** should be used (e.g., * p < .05, ** p < .01).

  Appendices The authors should submit an appendix showing the final mea surement developed in the instrument development study and a list of reviewed articles in systematic reviews or meta-analyses.

  *Supplementary material: This supplementary material can sup port and enhance scientific research. The supplementary files of fer the author additional possibilities to publish supporting appli cations, highresolution images, background datasets, and sound clips. Please note that such items are published online exactly as they are submitted; there is no typesetting involved (supplemen tary data supplied as an Excel file or a PowerPoint slide will ap pear as such online). Please submit the materials together with the article and provide a concise and descriptive caption for each file. If you wish to make any changes to the supplementary data during any stage of the process, please provide an updated file and do not annotate any corrections in the previous version. Please also make sure to switch off the “Track Changes” option in any Microsoft Office files, as these will appear in the published sup plementary file(s).

• Registration of a Clinical Trial

  All clinical trials (as defined by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors) were registered in a publicly accessible trial registry. For all other types of studies, including systematic reviews, prospective registration is strongly encouraged. Where a study has been registered, please cite the registration number in both the abstract and body of the paper. The journal accepts reg istration in any of the primary registries that participate in the World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Portal (http://www.who.int/ictrp/en/), National Institutes of Health ClinicalTrials.gov (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/), International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial Number Registry (www. ISRCTN.org), and Clinical Research Information Service, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KDCA) (https://cris. hih.go.kr/cris/index.jsp).

• Research Data Sharing and Transparency

  This journal encourages and enables you to share data that sup https://jkan.org ports your research publication, where appropriate, and to inter link the data with your published articles. Research data refers to the results of observations or experiments that validate the re search findings. To facilitate reproducibility and data reuse, this journal encourages you to share your software, codes, models, al gorithms, protocols, methods, and other useful materials related to the project.

  Data generated through the participation of subjects and the public should be put to maximum use by the research communi ty and, whenever possible, translated to deliver patient benefits. Data sharing benefits numerous research-related activities: repro ducing analyses, testing secondary hypotheses, developing and evaluating novel statistical methods, teaching, aiding the design of future trials and metaanalyses, and helping to prevent error, fraud, and selective reporting.

  To promote more transparent and reproducible research, we asked the authors to submit a Data Availability Statement in the manuscript to help them understand how they can access the data, code, and other resources that support the research findings

  The following are examples of data-sharing statements:

  - Example1. Data can be obtained from the corresponding author

  - Example2. Data can be obtained from the supplementary material link

  - Example3. (In the case of health care big data) Data can be obtained from [the name of the] repository source.

EDITORIAL AND PEER-REVIEW PROCESS

• Submitted Manuscript

  All contributions (including solicited articles) are critically re viewed by the editorial board members and/or reviewers. The de cision to publish a paper is based on an editorial assessment and peer review.

  Prereview: Initially, all papers are assessed by an editorial com mittee consisting of members of the editorial team. The primary purpose is to decide whether to send a paper for peer review and to make a rapid decision on those that are not put forward. Papers that do not meet basic standards or are unlikely to be published irrespective of a positive peer review, for example, because their novel contribution is insufficient or the relevance to the discipline is unclear, may be rejected at this point in order to avoid delays for authors who may wish to seek publication elsewhere.

  Review: Manuscripts going forward to the review process are reviewed by members of an expert panel. All such papers will un dergo a double-blind peer review by more than two reviewers and the Editor. The Editorial Board reserves the right to refuse any material for publication. The Editor-in-Chief reserves the right to make the final decision regarding acceptance. Authors will receive reviewer comments. If the manuscript is subject to publication, the author will be asked to respond to reviewer comments within two weeks.

• Revised Manuscript

  When preparing the revised version of the manuscript, you should carefully follow the instructions provided in the Editor’s letter. Please submit a clean copy of your manuscript and an an notated copy describing the changes you have made. Failure to do so will delay the review of your revisions. If references, tables, or figures are moved, added, or deleted during the revision process, renumber them to reflect such changes so that all tables, referenc es, and figures are cited in numeric order. The annotated copy should have changes highlighted (either by using the “Track Changes” function in MS Word or by highlighting or underlining the text) with notes in the text referring to the editor or reviewer query.

• Accepted Manuscript

  Galley Proof: JKAN provides the corresponding author with gal ley proofs for correction. Corresponding authors will receive elec tronic page proofs to check copy-edited and typeset articles before publication. The corrections should be maintained at a minimum. The Editor retains the prerogative to question minor stylistic and major alterations that may affect the paper’s scientific content. Any errors identified after publication are the responsibility of the author(s). We urge our authors to carefully proofread the accept ed manuscript. The corresponding author may be contacted by the Editorial Office, depending on the nature of the correction in the proof.

  Article Processing Charge: Authors whose manuscript is accepted for publication in JKAN will be charged a publication fee (USD 1,500). Publication fees do not influence editorial decision-mak ing.

  Copyright: All authors of accepted manuscripts must sign a copy of the journal’s “Transfer of Copyright Agreement” form and submit it by e-mail (kaneditor@kan.or.kr). Articles are published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-No Deriv atives 4.0 International Public License, which allows readers to disseminate and reuse the article as well as share and reuse scien tific material. It does not permit the creation of derivative works without specific permission. To view a copy of this license, please visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/.

• Reference Examples in Reference Lists

  Journals Journal titles should be abbreviated in the style used in NLM Catalog. If a DOI (Digital Object Identifier) has been assigned to the article that au thors are using, authors should include this after the page numbers for the article. References should be listed according to the examples below. For citations from other sources, refer to the NLM Style Guide for Authors, Editors, and Publishers 2nd edition (2007) (http://www.nlm.nih.gov/ citingmedicine).

  - Journals with six or fewer authors list all authors: Chen H, Nakatani H, Liu T, Zhao H, Xie D. The core knowledge and skills of nursing competency regarding mealtime assistance for hemiplegic patients in China. Asian Nursing Research. 2020; 14(2): 129-135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anr.2020.04.005

  - Journals with more than six authors list the first six followed by et al.: Kim JI, Suh EE, Song JE, Im Y, Park JH, Yu S, et al. Development of caring as a human science: 50 years of the Korean society of nursing science. Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing. 2020; 50(3): 313-332. https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.20142

  - Online ahead of print (Epub): Lin FF, Peet J, Murray L, Yin H, Ramanan M, Jacobs K, et al. Contextual factors influencing intensive care patients' discharge processes: a multi centre prospective observational study. J Clin Nurs. 2024 Oct 24 [Epub]. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.17515

  - Newspaper articles: Turner A. Parkinson’s drug a ‘life-changer’ for former nurse. BBC News. 2024 Oct 28. Shin JH. IV drips: a quick energy shot for overworked Koreans. The Korea Herald [Internet]. 2024 Jun 15 [cited 2024 Oct 10]. Available from: https://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20240613050778&ACE_SEARCH=1

  - Books: DeVellis RF. Scale development: Theory and applications. 4th ed. Sage Publications; 2016. p. 1-280

  - Entire book on the internet: Peterson K. Guide to life science careers [Internet]. NPG Education; c2014 [cited 2024 Jul 2]. Available from: https://www.nature.com/scitable/ ebooks/guide-to-lifescience-careers-14053951/

  - Chapter in an edited book: Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. 27th ed. CLSI; 2017. p. 32- 39

  - Book with author(s) and translator(s): McEwen M, Wills EM. Theoretical basis for nursing. 4th ed. Koh CK. translator. Wolters Kluwer; c2019. p.20-25.

  - Scientific and Technical Reports: Kwon JH. A Study on the current status of infertility counseling and the development of infertility counseling delivery system. Ministry of Health and Welfare; 2016 Dec. Report No.: 11-1352000-001853-01.

  - Entire Dissertations and Theses: Zhao JJ. Design of a 3D virtual learning environment for acquisition of cultural competence in nursing education: experience of nursing and other health care students, instructors, and instructional designers [dissertation]. Vancouver: University of British Columbia; 2019. p.100-105.

  - Conferences: Salehi E, Yousefi H, Rashidi H, Ghanaatti H. Automatic diagnosis of disc herniation in two-dimensional MR images with combination of distinct features using machine learning methods. Proceedings of the 2019 Scientific Meeting on Electrical-Electronics & Biomedical Engineering and Computer Science (EBBT); 2019 Apr 24-26; Istanbul, Turkey. IEEE; 2019. https://doi.org/10.1109/EBBT.2019.8742052

  - Web: World Health Organization (WHO). Process of translation and adaptation of instruments [Internet]. WHO; c2020 [cited 2020 Jun 29]. Available from: http://www.who.int/substance_abuse/research_tools/translation/en/.